Saturday, January 29, 2011

Position in html

position:absolute
If you define the position to be absolute it will be calculated from the upper left corner of the page - unless the layer is defined inside another layer, in which case it will be calculated from the upper left corner of the parent layer.

position:relative
If you define the position to be relative it will be relative to the position of the tag that carries the style.
That is, if you add a relatively positioned layer in the middle of the page, then the position will be calculated from that exact spot in the middle of your page where it was added.

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Saturday, January 22, 2011

DBMS/RDBMS

A DBMS has to be persistent, that is it should be accessible when the program created the data ceases to exist or even the application that created the data restarted. A DBMS also has to provide some uniform methods independent of a specific application for accessing the information that is stored.

RDBMS is a Relational Data Base Management System Relational DBMS. This adds the additional condition that the system supports a tabular structure for the data, with enforced relationships between the tables. This excludes the databases that don't support a tabular structure or don't enforce relationships between tables.

Many DBA's think that RDBMS is a Client Server Database system but thats not the case with RDBMS.

Yes you can say DBMS does not impose any constraints or security with regard to data manipulation it is user or the programmer responsibility to ensure the ACID PROPERTY of the database whereas the rdbms is more with this regard bcz rdbms define the integrity constraint for the purpose of holding ACID PROPERTY.

POSTGRESQL vs MYSQL

POSTGRESQL MYSQL
ANSI SQL compliance Closer to ANSI SQL standard Follows some of the ANSI SQL standards
Performance Slower Faster
Sub-selects Yes No
Transactions Yes Yes, however InnoDB table type must be used
Database replication Yes Yes
Foreign key support Yes No
Views Yes No
Stored procedures Yes No
Triggers Yes No
Unions Yes No
Full joins Yes No
Constraints Yes No
Windows support Yes Yes
Vacuum (cleanup) Yes No
ODBC Yes Yes
JDBC Yes Yes
Different table types No Yes

DML DDL DCL TCL

DDL


Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:
  • CREATE - to create objects in the database
  • ALTER - alters the structure of the database
  • DROP - delete objects from the database
  • TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
  • COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
  • RENAME - rename an object

DML


Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:
  • SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
  • INSERT - insert data into a table
  • UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
  • DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
  • MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
  • CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
  • EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
  • LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

DCL


Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:
  • GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
  • REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

TCL


Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.
  • COMMIT - save work done
  • SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
  • ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
  • SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

Difference between Cluster and Non-cluster index

A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders 
the way records in the table are physically stored. 
Therefore table can have only one clustered index. The leaf 
nodes of a clustered index contain the data pages.
Clustered index will be created by default when u 
create primary key on a column. So we can create one 
clustered index per table. clustered index is stored in 
serial passion.

A nonclustered index is a special type of index in which 
the logical order of the index does not match the physical 
stored order of the rows on disk. The leaf node of a 
nonclustered index does not consist of the data pages. 
Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows. A table can have 249 non clustred index.Non clustered index will be created automatically when u 
create unique key on a column. A table can have no.of 
unique keys, so we can create no.of non clustered indexes 
per table.